主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 106-112.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于开放数据的消防救援覆盖效能测算模型

吴非1, 罗杰1, 黄赞辉2, 刘顶立3   

  1. （1.邵阳市消防救援支队，湖南 邵阳 422000； 2.永州市消防救援支队，湖南 永州 425002； 3.长沙理工大学 交通学院，湖南 长沙 410114）
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-24 修回日期:2024-12-31 出版日期:2026-02-11 发布日期:2026-02-15
  • 作者简介:吴 非，邵阳消防救援支队副支队长，学士，主要从事消防救援方面研究，湖南省邵阳市大祥区雨溪街道雨溪社区5组119号，422000。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目（52204202）

Fire rescue coverage efficiency calculation model based on open data

Wu Fei1, Luo Jie1, Huang Zanhui2, Liu Dingli3   

  1. (1. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China;2. State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute,Jinan 250003,China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230006, China; 4. School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China)
  • Received:2024-10-24 Revised:2024-12-31 Online:2026-02-11 Published:2026-02-15

摘要： 在当前我国消防站数量不足的背景下，提升消防救援的覆盖效能已成为我国公共安全领域的重要需求。然而，如何高效测算消防救援覆盖效能仍是学术界及行业领域面临的难题。使用POI数据表征消防救援需求点，以消防站作为消防救援供应点；通过调用网络地图上开放的实时路况数据来仿真计算消防救援响应时间，然后构建出基于分层次覆盖率加权的消防救援覆盖效能测算模型。通过应用该模型，结合邵阳市建设消防站的需求，收集了30 968个消防救援需求点，并以20个现有消防站和13个拟建消防站作为消防救援供应点，设置了25个评估场景，共获得了1 297 025条有效样本。测算结果显示：拟建消防站投入使用后覆盖效能将提升20.47%，达到40.77分，具体情况如下：≤240 s的覆盖率提升1.80%，达到9.09%；240～840 s内覆盖率提升3.70%，达到27.51%；>1 440 s的覆盖率减少9.11%至47.24%。邵阳市还需进一步加强消防站的建设。构建的模型可为消防站规划建设提供辅助支撑，还可应用于其他城市的消防救援覆盖效能测算。

关键词: 覆盖效能, 测算模型, 开放数据, 分层次覆盖率, 消防救援

Abstract: Against the backdrop of insufficient number of fire stations in China, improving the coverage efficiency of fire rescue has become an important demand in the field of public safety. However, how to efficiently measure the effectiveness of fire rescue coverage remains a challenge faced by academia and industry. Using POI data to represent fire rescue demand points, with fire stations as fire rescue supply points; By calling on real-time traffic data available on the network map to simulate and calculate fire rescue response time, a fire rescue coverage efficiency calculation model based on hierarchical coverage weighting is constructed. By applying this model and considering the demand for building fire stations in Shaoyang City, 30 968 fire rescue demand points were collected, and 20 existing fire stations and 13 proposed fire stations were used as fire rescue supply points. 25 evaluation scenarios were set up, and a total of 1 297 025 valid samples were obtained. The calculation results show that after the proposed fire station is put into use, the coverage efficiency will increase by 20.47%, reaching 40.77 points. The specific situation is as follows: the coverage rate of less than 240 seconds will increase by 1.80%, reaching 9.09%; Within 240 s to 840 s, the coverage rate increased by 3.70%, reaching 27.51%; The coverage rate of more than 1 440 seconds decreased by 9.11% to 47.24%. Shaoyang City still needs to further strengthen the construction of fire stations. The constructed model can provide auxiliary support for the planning and construction of fire stations, and can also be applied to the calculation of fire rescue coverage efficiency in other cities.

Key words: coverage efficiency, calculation model, open data, hierarchical coverage rate, fire and rescue