主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 29-36.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

变压器室变压器油电弧电解特性及产气爆炸行为研究

胡冉1, 厉冰1, 杨明瑞2, 张网2, 杨渝3   

  1. （1.深圳供电局有限公司，广东 深圳 518001； 2.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 3.广东卓原新材料科技有限公司，广东 中山528400）
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30 修回日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-15
  • 作者简介:胡 冉，深圳供电局有限公司教授级高级工程师，主要从事配电网电缆运维及新型电力系统研究，广东省深圳市罗湖区深南东路4020号电力调度通信大楼，518001。
  • 基金资助:
    中国南方电网公司科技项目（090000KC23020069）

Research on the gas production characteristics of transformer oil under arc electrolysis and gas explosion behavior in transformer room

Hu Ran1, Li Bing1, Yang Mingrui2, Zhang Wang2, Yang Yu3   

  1. (1. Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Guangdong 518001, China; 2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Guangdong JOOYN New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Zhongshan Guangdong 528400, China)
  • Received:2024-12-30 Revised:2025-04-17 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-15

摘要： 针对变压器内不同温度下电弧电解特性和产气行为特性开展了试验研究，并基于CFD模拟了变压器内电解产气的燃爆过程。结果表明，天然酯（回收）绝缘油、天然酯（大豆）绝缘油和矿物绝缘油的电解产气中氢气占比最高，这是高压电弧下C -H键断裂产生·H自由基组合，以及空气中水分被电解的原因。基于反应动力学模拟，分析了临界当量比条件下电解产气过程中关键自由基的产率变化和温度敏感性，揭示了其关键转化路径为H2→·H→·OH(·O)→H2O。通过数值模拟，较好地展示了电解混合气燃爆火焰的发展规律，准确获得了爆炸压力和火焰温度的分布规律。在燃爆过程中，障碍物导致的湍流程度增加是火焰速度和爆炸压力上升的原因，这体现了压力-火焰-湍流耦合激励的正反馈机制。

关键词: 变压器, 电解产气, 气体爆炸, CFD模拟, 反应动力学模拟, 电弧

Abstract: This study experimentally investigated the arc electrolysis characteristics and gas production behavior in transformers at different temperatures. The explosion process of the electrolysis gas in transformers was also simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The results indicate that hydrogen constitutes the highest proportion among the gases produced from soybean-based natural ester, recycled oil-based natural ester, and mineral insulating oil. This high hydrogen content is attributed to the combination of H· radicals generated from C-H bond cleavage under high-voltage arc conditions and the electrolysis of water vapor in the air. Based on reaction kinetics simulations, the yield and temperature sensitivity of key free radicals involved in the oxidation of the electrolysis gases were analyzed under critical equivalence ratio conditions, revealing the main conversion pathway: H₂ →·H→·OH (·O) →H₂O. Numerical simulations clearly demonstrate the evolution of the explosion flame in the electrolytic gas mixture and accurately capture the distribution patterns of explosion pressure and flame temperature. The increased turbulence induced by obstacles is identified as the primary cause for the enhancement of flame speed and explosion pressure, reflecting a positive feedback mechanism driven by the coupling of pressure, flame, and turbulence.

Key words: transformer, electrolytic gas production, gas explosion, CFD simulation, reaction kinetics simulation, arc