主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 62-67.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.06.0062.06

• • 上一篇    下一篇

隔热材料对磷酸铁锂电池热失控抑制效果的研究

贾伯岩1, 蔡子文1, 张国维2,3, 欧阳晨亮2   

  1. （1.国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，河北 石家庄 050022； 2.中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州 221116； 3.中国矿业大学 深圳研究院，广东 深圳 518057）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21 修回日期:2025-09-23 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-15
  • 作者简介:贾伯岩，国网河北省电力公司电力科学研究院设备评价中心主任，正高级工程师，主要从事输变电设备电气试验、状态评价，输电线路复合外绝缘性能检测、故障分析、性能改进等方面的工作和研究，河北省石家庄市裕华区体育南大街238号，050022，13785186225@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国网河北省电力有限公司科技项目（kj2024-028）

Study on the inhibitory effect of insulation materials on lithium iron phosphate batteries thermal runaway

Jia Boyan1, Cai Ziwen1, Zhang Guowei2,3, Ouyang Chenliang2   

  1. (1. State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Electric Power Research Institute, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050022, China; 2. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China; 3. Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518057, China)
  • Received:2025-03-21 Revised:2025-09-23 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-15

摘要： 如何有效隔绝锂离子电池模组间的热量传递，抑制锂电池热失控传播，是消防领域一直关注的难题。为探究隔热材料对锂电池模组热失控传播的抑制效果，搭建了电池热失控试验平台，以75 Ah磷酸铁锂电池为试验对象，选取气凝胶毡、陶瓷纤维纸、云母板和玻璃纤维毡4种隔热材料，研究隔热材料在热失控传播过程中的抑制效果。研究结果表明，当没有隔热层保护时，热失控会迅速在锂电池模组间传播，火焰叠加会进一步加速热失控的传播速度；3 mm厚的4种隔热材料均能成功削弱电池之间热量的传递，抑制锂离子电池热失控的传播；在隔热性能上，气凝胶毡的隔热效果相比玻璃纤维毡、云母板、陶瓷纤维纸分别提升了约16%、23%、35%。本研究可丰富隔热材料在锂电池火灾防治过程中的应用。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 隔热材料, 火焰传播, 抑制效果

Abstract: How to effectively isolate the heat transfer between lithium-ion battery modules and suppress the thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries has always been a concern in the field of fire protection. In order to explore the inhibitory effect of thermal insulation materials on the thermal runaway propagation of lithium battery modules, this work built a battery thermal runaway experimental platform. Taking 75 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery as the experimental object, four thermal insulation materials, namely aerogel felt, ceramic fiber paper, mica board and glass fiber felt, were selected to study the inhibitory effect of thermal insulation materials in the process of thermal runaway propagation. The research results indicate that without insulation layer protection, thermal runaway will rapidly propagate between lithium battery modules, and flame superposition will further accelerate the propagation speed of thermal runaway; Four insulation materials with a thickness of 3 mm can successfully weaken the heat transfer between batteries and suppress the propagation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries; In terms of thermal insulation performance, compared with glass fiber felt, mica board and ceramic fiber paper, the thermal insulation effect of aerogel felt increased by 16%, 23% and 35% respectively. This study can enrich the application of thermal insulation materials in the process of lithium battery fire prevention.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, thermal insulation materials, flame propagation, inhibition effect