主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 45-51.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

某大型TOD铁路工程高大空间烟控系统有效性研究

侯春源1,2, 朱国庆1, 王雨3,4, 耿伟超3,4   

  1. （1.中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州 221100； 2.北京市规划和自然资源委员会，北京 101100； 3.中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，北京 100013； 4.建研防火科技有限公司，北京 100013）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-28 修回日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 作者简介:侯春源，北京市规划和自然资源委员会消防设计审查处副处长，主要从事消防设计审查相关工作，北京市通州区副中心工程承安路一号北京市规划自然资源委，101100。

Research on the effectiveness of smoke control system in tall space of a large TOD railway project

Hou Chunyuan1,2, Zhu Guoqing1, Wang Yu3,4, Geng Weichao3,4   

  1. (1. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221100, China; 2. Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning and Natural Resources, Beijing 101100, China; 3. China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China; 4. CABR Fire Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China)
  • Received:2025-03-28 Revised:2025-06-09 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-15

摘要： 为研究铁路站房高大空间自然排烟下的烟气控制效果，以某大型TOD铁路站房候车厅为例，采用数值模拟和热烟试验的方法，对不同火灾规模下候车厅的烟气蔓延规律、空间温度场、能见度和一氧化碳体积分数等参数进行分析。结果表明：候车厅空间高大，储烟能力较强。在10 MW和8 MW的模拟火源下，候车厅烟气能够从自然排烟窗顺利排出室外，火灾烟气主要积聚于候车厅吊顶上方网架内，未出现显著沉降现象。人员疏散所需时间为432 s，疏散可用时间不低于1 200 s，人员可以安全疏散。在1.5 MW的试验火源下，烟气能够顺利上升至候车厅顶部，并联动打开全部自然排烟窗。由于候车厅空间高大，烟气填充时间较长，自然排烟窗联动打开需要14 min。候车厅空间温升与高度呈反比例曲线变化，不同高度处烟气温升均在15 ℃以上，未发生烟气层化现象。该候车厅烟控系统设计合理有效，研究成果能够为类似高大空间建筑的排烟设计提供理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 铁路站房, 候车厅, 自然排烟, 热烟试验, 数值模拟

Abstract: In order to study the smoke control effect of natural smoke exhaust in the large space of railway station buildings, taking the waiting hall of a large TOD railway station building as an example, numerical simulation and hot smoke tests were conducted to analyze the smoke spread law, spatial temperature field, visibility and volume fraction of carbon monoxide in the waiting hall under different fire scales. The results show that the waiting hall has a large space and strong smoke storage capacity. Under the simulated fire sources of 10 MW and 8 MW, the smoke in the waiting hall can be smoothly discharged outdoors through the natural smoke exhaust windows, and the fire smoke mainly accumulates at the top of the waiting hall without significant settlement. The time required for personnel evacuation is 432 s, which is less than the 1 200 s of the fire danger approaching time, and personnel can evacuate safely. Under the test fire source of 1.5 MW, the smoke can smoothly rise to the top of the waiting hall and trigger the opening of all natural smoke exhaust windows. Due to the large space of the waiting hall, the smoke filling time is relatively long, and it takes 14 min for all natural smoke exhaust windows to open in linkage. The temperature rise in the waiting hall space is inversely proportional to the height, and the temperature rise of the smoke at different heights is all above 15 ℃, and no smoke stratification phenomenon occurs. The smoke control system design of this waiting hall is reasonable and effective, and the research results can provide theoretical basis and data support for the smoke exhaust design of similar large space buildings.

Key words: railway station house, waiting hall, natural smoke exhaust, hot smoke test, numerical simulation