Abstract: The paper reviewed the current research status of backdraft phenomena both domestically and internationally, described the mechanism of backdraft and its influencing factors, and analyzed the influencing mechanism of various factors on backdraft from the aspects of fire source factors, ventilation factors, and environmental factors. Specifically, the fire source factors include fuel type, fire source power, and ignition location, which directly influenced the fire development process and combustion products; the ventilation factors included the size and position of openings and the timing of door opening and closing, which control the oxygen supply and the concentration of combustible gases; the environmental factors include chamber materials, environmental conditions, and scale effects, which influence the composition of gases and the combustion process in the fire environment. In addition, the paper further reviewed and analyzed the effects of the above variables on key parameters such as gravity flow structure, gas concentration, temperature, pressure, combustion products and backdraft fireball size. The study systematically explores the practical disposal process to avoid the risk of backdraft, involving three parts: fire investigation, technical and tactical selection, and door entry disposal techniques. It summarized the main factors influencing the occurrence of backdraft phenomena and the corresponding strategies from both theoretical and practical perspectives and discussed the future focus and development direction of backdraft prediction research.

Key words: backdraft, compartment fires, unburned fuel mass fractions；combustion product