主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 35-42.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

磷酸铁锂电池电动自行车火灾燃烧特性及热释放研究

张电飞1, 赵政核2, 孟迪1, 李海航1   

  1. （1.中国计量大学 能源环境与安全工程学院，浙江 杭州 310018； 2.杭州新纪元消防科技有限公司，浙江 杭州 310017）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03 修回日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:张电飞，中国计量大学能源环境与安全工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事磷酸铁锂电动自行车火灾特性与灭火研究，浙江省杭州市钱塘区学源街258号，310018。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目（52476132）

Study on the fire combustion characteristics and heat release of lithium iron phosphate battery electric bicycle

Zhang Dianfei1, Zhao Zhenghe2, Meng Di1, Li Haihang1   

  1. (1. School of Energy, Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018, China; 2. Hangzhou New Era Fire Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Zhejiang 310017, China)
  • Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-04-27 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 基于ISO 9705火灾标准试验，通过过充方式触发48 V/20 Ah软包电池模组热失控，测量并分析电动自行车的电池组电压及表面温度、热释放速率、热释放总量和火焰温度。结果表明：电池表面温度最高升至816.28 ℃，在约600 s时电池电压骤降至接近0 V；过充引发的电动自行车火灾呈现从上到下蔓延的形式，最高火焰温度为848.8 ℃；最大热释放速率为4 858.89 kW，总热释放量为1 219.03 MJ；电池包最大热释放速率约占整车最大热释放速率的4.54%，总热释放量约占整车总热释放量的8.40%。由此可知，电动自行车的塑料、海绵和皮革在燃烧过程中贡献了显著的热释放速率（约90%）；本研究结果强调了电动自行车火灾是复合型火灾，为电动自行车火灾的灭火时机提供了重要的参考依据。

关键词: 磷酸铁锂电池, 热失控, 电动自行车, 燃烧行为, 热释放速率

Abstract: Based on the ISO 9705 fire standard experiment, the thermal runaway of 48 V/20 Ah soft pack battery module was triggered by overcharging, and the voltage and surface temperature of the battery pack, the rate of heat release, the total amount of heat release and the flame temperature of the e-bike were measured and analysed. The results show that: the maximum surface temperature of the battery surface rises to 816.28 ℃, and the voltage of the battery plummets to nearly 0 V in about 600 s; the fire triggered by overcharging of the e-bike presents the form of spreading from the top to the bottom, and the maximum flame temperature is 848.8 ℃; the maximum heat release rate is 4 858.89 kW, and the total heat release amount is 1 219.03 MJ; The maximum heat release rate of the battery pack is about 4.54% of the maximum heat release rate of the whole vehicle, and the total heat release is about 8.40% of the total heat release of the whole vehicle, and the plastic, sponge and leather of the e-bike contribute a significant heat release rate (about 90%). The results of this study emphasize that e-bike fires are composite fires, and provide an important reference for the timing of extinguishing e-bike fires.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate battery, thermal runaway, electric bicycle, combustion behaviour, heat release rate