主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 43-49.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于FDS的电动汽车火灾隔离处置数值模拟研究

祝现礼1,2,3, 张佳庆1,2,3, 戎凤仪4,5, 李国辉4,5, 过羿1,2,3   

  1. （1.国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，安徽 合肥 230601； 2.电力火灾与安全防护安徽省重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230022； 3.国家电网有限公司消防技术中心，安徽 合肥 230601； 4.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 5.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381）
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31 修回日期:2025-06-17 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:祝现礼，国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院高级工程师，主要从事输变电设施火灾防控方面的研究，安徽省合肥市经开区紫云路299号，230601。
  • 基金资助:
    国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目（5400-202355235A-1-1-ZN）

Numerical simulation and analysis of electric vehicle fire isolation and mitigation based on FDS

Zhu Xianli1,2,3, Zhang Jiaqing1,2,3, Rong Fengyi4,5, Li Guohui4,5, Guo Yi1,2,3   

  1. (1. State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei Anhui 230601, China;2. Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electric Fire and Safety Protection, Hefei Anhui 230022, China;3. Fire Protection Technology Center of State Grid Corporation of China, Hefei Anhui 230601, China; 4. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 5. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China)
  • Received:2024-12-31 Revised:2025-06-17 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

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摘要： 针对电动汽车火灾隔离抑制需求，采用FDS构建电动汽车火灾数值模型，设定电动汽车火灾无细水雾抑制、细水雾顶喷抑制及细水雾幕墙抑制3种工况，研究了电动汽车火灾在3种不同工况下热释放速率、烟雾扩散和温度场变化规律。结果表明，无细水雾抑制时，最高温度达1 138 ℃，峰值热释放速率达8.4 MW；细水雾顶喷和细水雾幕墙抑制时能有效抑制锂电池热失控，细水雾施加后整体温度控制在200 ℃内，有效抑制电动汽车火灾蔓延，降低起火车辆对周围车辆及设施的影响。通过验证细水雾在降低电动汽车火灾强度、延缓火势发展及保护周边环境的作用，支撑电动汽车场所细水雾灭火系统优化设计和应用。

关键词: 电动汽车, 热失控, 隔离抑制, 数值模拟, 火灾防控

Abstract: This study addresses the prevention and control requirements of electric vehicle fires by using FDS software to construct a numerical model. Three scenarios were established: no suppression with water mist, overhead water mist application, and water mist wall suppression. The study investigates the heat release rate, smoke diffusion, and temperature field changes of fires caused by thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries under different water mist isolation and suppression measures. Results indicate that without water mist suppression, the maximum temperature can reach 1 138 °C, with a peak heat release rate of 8.4 MW. Water mist fire suppression systems and water mist walls can effectively inhibit lithium battery thermal runaway. After applying water mist, the overall temperature is controlled within 200 °C, effectively preventing the spread of fire and reducing the impact on surrounding vehicles and facilities. This study analyzes the effectiveness of water mist in controlling lithium battery thermal runaway, verifying its role in reducing fire intensity, delaying fire development, and protecting the surrounding environment. The findings provide data support for optimizing the design and application of water mist fire suppression systems in electric vehicle fires.

Key words: electric vehicles, thermal runaway, isolation and mitigation, numerical simulation, fire prevention and control