主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 104-111.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于磷钨酸包覆的高镍正极材料综合性能优化

孙卉琪1, 蒋军成1,2, 梁晨1,3, 储胜利4   

  1. （1.常州大学 安全科学与工程学院，江苏 常州 213164； 2.南京工业大学 安全科学与工程学院，江苏 南京 211816； 3.中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026； 4.中国石油集团安全环保研究院有限公司，北京 102206）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-07 修回日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-15
  • 作者简介:孙卉琪，常州大学安全科学与工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事新能源安全方面的研究，江苏省常州市武进区滆湖中路21号，213164。
  • 基金资助:
    中石油-常州大学创新联合体项目（2021DQ06）；国家自然科学基金项目（21927815）；火灾科学国家重点实验室开放基金（HZ2024-KF16）

Comprehensive performance optimization of high nickel cathode material coated with phosphotungstic acid

Sun Huiqi1, Jiang Juncheng1,2, Liang Chen1,3, Chu Shengli4   

  1. (1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou Jiangsu 213164, China; 2. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing Jiangsu 211816, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China; 4. CNPC Research Institute of Safety&Environment Technology , Beijing 102206, China)
  • Received:2025-03-07 Revised:2025-04-02 Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-07-15

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摘要： LiNixCoyMnzO2（NCM, x+y+z=1）因其低成本和高能量密度被认为是一种极具前景的正极材料。然而，随着Ni含量的增加，材料会出现严重的Li/Ni混排和界面副反应，从而影响其稳定性。本文以高镍三元正极材料LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2（NCM90）为研究对象，采用表面包覆技术包覆了不同比例的磷钨酸（Phosphotungstic Acid，PTA），探索提升其性能的有关机理。通过系统的表征、电化学性能测试和热安全性测试，发现PTA涂层能够通过促进Li+扩散和降低电化学阻抗，并且在材料表面形成WO3-Li3PO4复合保护层，有效隔离正极与电解质之间的副反应，同时保持材料的结构完整性，从而显著提高NCM90的电化学性能和热稳定性。其中，质量分数为0.5%PTA-NCM的样品表现最为优异，其比放电容量较原始NCM提高34.58 mAh/g，放热量较原始NCM降低194.56 J/g。研究发现PTA包覆能够有效提升NCM90的电化学性能和热安全性。该研究方法和包覆材料或可应用于其他高镍三元正极材料，为正极的性能优化提供重要的理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 表面包覆, 高镍三元正极, 热稳定性, 电化学性能

Abstract: LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM, x+y+z=1) is considered a promising cathode material due to its low cost and high energy density. However, with the increase of Ni content, the material will have serious Li/Ni mixing and interface side reactions, which will affect its stability. In this paper, LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM90), a high nickel cathode material, was coated with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) in different ratios by surface coating technology to explore the mechanism of improving its properties. Through the system characterization, electrochemical performance test and thermal safety test, it was found that PTA coating can promote Li+ diffusion and reduce electrochemical impedance, and form a WO3-Li3PO4 composite protective layer on the surface of the material, effectively isolating the side reaction between the cathode and the electrolyte, while maintaining the structural inte⁃grity of the material. Thus, the electrochemical performance and thermal stability of NCM90 are significantly improved. Among them, 0.5%PTA-NCM sample has the best performance, its specific discharge capacity is increased by 34.58 mAh/g compared with the original NCM, and the heat release is reduced by 194.56 J/g compared with the original NCM. In summary, PTA coating can effectively improve the electrochemical performance and thermal safety of NCM90. The research method and coating material may be applied to other high-nickel ternary cathode materials, which provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the optimization of cathode properties.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, surface coating, high nickel ternary cathode, thermal stability, electrochemical performance