主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 96-103.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

隔热材料抑制锂离子电池热失控传播研究

贾德元1, 张春强2, 周小龙3, 王志1   

  1. （1.中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州 221116； 2.南通市消防救援支队，江苏 南通 226000； 3.江苏领安能源系统集成有限公司，江苏 无锡 214112）
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07 修回日期:2025-10-14 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-15
  • 作者简介:贾德元，中国矿业大学安全工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事锂电池热失控火灾特性方面的研究，江苏省徐州市大学路1号，221116。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（52204253）；江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金项目（BK20242088）；广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2024B1111080003-04）；锂电池储能预制舱火灾液氮防灭火系统研发（2023220465）

Study on the inhibition of thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries by thermal insulation materials

Jia Deyuan1, Zhang Chunqiang2, Zhou Xiaolong3, Wang Zhi1   

  1. (1. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China; 2. Nantong Fire and Rescue Division, Nantong Jiangsu 226000, China; 3. Jiangsu Leader Energy System Integration Co., Ltd., Wuxi Jiangsu 214112, China)
  • Received:2025-08-07 Revised:2025-10-14 Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-07-15

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摘要： 通过280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池热失控传播试验，研究了玻璃纤维、超级棉和氧化铝硅胶等多种隔热材料对电池热失控传播的抑制效果。结果表明，所有材料均能延缓热失控传播，其中超级棉（2.3 mm厚）表现最佳，可实现传播阻断，最高隔热效率达74.5%。传热分析表明，超级棉材料的低导热率与多孔结构对热量具有显著的屏蔽作用。相比之下，玻璃纤维与氧化铝硅胶的抑制能力相对较弱。此外，隔热结构虽能阻断热量传播，但也易导致首个热失控电池内部热量积聚加剧，热失控反应更剧烈。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控传播, 隔热材料, 热量分布, 传热分析

Abstract: The inhibition effect of various thermal insulation materials, such as glass fibre, super cotton and alumina silica gel, on the thermal runaway propagation of the battery is investigated through the thermal runaway propagation experiment of 280 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery. The results show that all the materials can retard the thermal runaway propagation, among which the super cotton (with the thickness of 2.3 mm) performs the best, which can achieve the propagation blocking, and the highest thermal insulation efficiency reaches 74.5%. Heat transfer analysis showed that the low thermal conductivity and porous structure of the super cotton material had a significant shielding effect on heat. In contrast, glass fibre and aluminium oxide silica gel have a relatively weak inhibiting ability. In addition, although the thermal insulation structure can block the heat propagation, it is also easy to lead to the intensification of heat accumulation inside the first thermal runaway battery, and the thermal runaway reaction is more intense.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway propagation, thermal insulation, heat distribution, heat transfer analysis